We know the Poona Pact was signed in 1932 by Dr. Ambedkar and Gandhi to abolish the idea of a separate electorate for Dalits.
Here are some things which may have happened had it not been signed:
1. There may have been erupted an idea of a separate country for Dalits as the Periyar movement was also at its peak ( Note: We have seen few such voices in the present time too.)
2. If no separate country then, Dalits wouldn’t have been welcome to Hinduism means treated completely separately, no intercaste marriage ( as it happens even now inter-religious marriages are a rarity), and assimilation, and as they were not educated and developed they may have resorted to violence(Naxalism may be) supported by Pakistan as can be seen in the case of Naxalism in present times.
3. Large-scale Upper Caste and Lower caste riots on the same scale as seen in Hindu-Muslim riots after partition.
4. Even now many people generally from the upper caste and even OBCs criticize Reservation( though it needs some reforms) on the pretext of meritocracy and their discrimination on the basis of some deeds done by their forefathers, it would have been very strict if they were given separate electorate and seen as underdeveloped and then also used as a political tool as they are used now.
5. The political equation may have been Upper Caste Hindi vs. Muslim+SC/ST.
Note: Views expressed are mere speculation, reality may have been different.
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